Tools of critical thinking :
Levy, David A., 1954-
Tools of critical thinking : metathoughts for psychology / by David A. Levy - Boston : Allyn and Bacon, c1997. - x, 262 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-256) and indexes.
Foreword / Introduction / The Evaluative Bias of Language: To Describe Is to Prescribe -- The Reification Error: Comparing Apples and Existentialism -- Multiple Levels of Description: The Simultaneity of Physical and Psychological Events -- The Nominal Fallacy and Tautologous Reasoning: To Name Something Isn't to Explain It -- Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Grey? -- Consider the Opposite: To Contrast Is to Define -- The Similarity-Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both Similar and Different -- The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line between "Is" and "Should" -- The Barnum Effect: "One-Size-Fits-All" Personality Interpretations -- Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing "What" with "Why" -- Bi-Directional Causation: Causal Loops, Healthy Spirals, and Vicious Cycles -- Thomas Szasz -- Robert Carson -- I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. Multiple Causation: Not "Either/Or," But "Both/And" -- Degrees of Causation: Not All Causes Are Created Equal -- Multiple Pathways of Causation: Different Causes, Same Effects -- The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the Impact of External Influences -- The Intervention-Causation Fallacy: The Cure Doesn't Prove the Cause -- The Consequence-Intentionality Fallacy: The Effect Doesn't Prove the Intent -- The "If I Feel It, It Must Be True" Fallacy: The Truth Hurts; But So Do Lies -- The Spectacular Explanation Fallacy: Extraordinary Events Do Not Require Extraordinary Causes -- Deductive and Inductive Reasoning: Two Methods of Inference -- Reactivity: To Observe Is to Disturb -- The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create Reality -- The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World through Schema-Colored Glasses -- The Confirmation Bias: Ye Shall Find Only What Ye Shall Seek -- XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. The Belief Perseverance Effect: The Rat Is Always Right -- The Hindsight Bias: Predicting a Winner after the Race Is Finished -- The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of Categorization -- The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events -- The Insight Fallacy: To Understand Something Isn't Necessarily to Change It -- Every Decision Is a Trade-Off: Take Stock of Pluses and Minuses -- Epilogue: Concluding Meta-Metathoughts -- Metathoughts Summary and Antidote Table -- "Pervasive Labeling Disorder" XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. App. 1.
0205260837 (pbk.)
96027649
Critical thinking.
Problem solving.
Thought and thinking.
150 / LEV-T 1997 3608
Tools of critical thinking : metathoughts for psychology / by David A. Levy - Boston : Allyn and Bacon, c1997. - x, 262 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-256) and indexes.
Foreword / Introduction / The Evaluative Bias of Language: To Describe Is to Prescribe -- The Reification Error: Comparing Apples and Existentialism -- Multiple Levels of Description: The Simultaneity of Physical and Psychological Events -- The Nominal Fallacy and Tautologous Reasoning: To Name Something Isn't to Explain It -- Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Grey? -- Consider the Opposite: To Contrast Is to Define -- The Similarity-Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both Similar and Different -- The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line between "Is" and "Should" -- The Barnum Effect: "One-Size-Fits-All" Personality Interpretations -- Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing "What" with "Why" -- Bi-Directional Causation: Causal Loops, Healthy Spirals, and Vicious Cycles -- Thomas Szasz -- Robert Carson -- I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. Multiple Causation: Not "Either/Or," But "Both/And" -- Degrees of Causation: Not All Causes Are Created Equal -- Multiple Pathways of Causation: Different Causes, Same Effects -- The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the Impact of External Influences -- The Intervention-Causation Fallacy: The Cure Doesn't Prove the Cause -- The Consequence-Intentionality Fallacy: The Effect Doesn't Prove the Intent -- The "If I Feel It, It Must Be True" Fallacy: The Truth Hurts; But So Do Lies -- The Spectacular Explanation Fallacy: Extraordinary Events Do Not Require Extraordinary Causes -- Deductive and Inductive Reasoning: Two Methods of Inference -- Reactivity: To Observe Is to Disturb -- The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create Reality -- The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World through Schema-Colored Glasses -- The Confirmation Bias: Ye Shall Find Only What Ye Shall Seek -- XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. The Belief Perseverance Effect: The Rat Is Always Right -- The Hindsight Bias: Predicting a Winner after the Race Is Finished -- The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of Categorization -- The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events -- The Insight Fallacy: To Understand Something Isn't Necessarily to Change It -- Every Decision Is a Trade-Off: Take Stock of Pluses and Minuses -- Epilogue: Concluding Meta-Metathoughts -- Metathoughts Summary and Antidote Table -- "Pervasive Labeling Disorder" XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. App. 1.
0205260837 (pbk.)
96027649
Critical thinking.
Problem solving.
Thought and thinking.
150 / LEV-T 1997 3608