Tools of critical thinking : metathoughts for psychology / by David A. Levy
Material type: TextPublication details: Boston : Allyn and Bacon, c1997Description: x, 262 p. : ill. ; 24 cmISBN: 0205260837 (pbk.)Subject(s): Critical thinking | Problem solving | Thought and thinkingDDC classification: 150Item type | Current library | Call number | Status | Date due | Barcode | Item holds |
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Books | Namal Library Philosophy and Psychology(hall 2) | 150 LEV-T 1997 3608 (Browse shelf (Opens below)) | Available | 0003608 |
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150 HIL-S 1996 6595 The soul's code : | 150 JAM-W 1954 8126 William James; | 150 KAS-P 2001 6482 Psychology / | 150 LEV-T 1997 3608 Tools of critical thinking : | 150 MOR-U 2003 5474 Understanding psychology / | 150 MYE-P 2004 7138 Psychology / | 150 PLO-P 2005 5478 Introduction to psychology / |
Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-256) and indexes.
Foreword / Thomas Szasz -- Introduction / Robert Carson -- I. The Evaluative Bias of Language: To Describe Is to Prescribe -- II. The Reification Error: Comparing Apples and Existentialism -- III. Multiple Levels of Description: The Simultaneity of Physical and Psychological Events -- IV. The Nominal Fallacy and Tautologous Reasoning: To Name Something Isn't to Explain It -- V. Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Grey? -- VI. Consider the Opposite: To Contrast Is to Define -- VII. The Similarity-Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both Similar and Different -- VIII. The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line between "Is" and "Should" -- IX. The Barnum Effect: "One-Size-Fits-All" Personality Interpretations -- X. Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing "What" with "Why" -- XI. Bi-Directional Causation: Causal Loops, Healthy Spirals, and Vicious Cycles --
XII. Multiple Causation: Not "Either/Or," But "Both/And" -- XIII. Degrees of Causation: Not All Causes Are Created Equal -- XIV. Multiple Pathways of Causation: Different Causes, Same Effects -- XV. The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the Impact of External Influences -- XVI. The Intervention-Causation Fallacy: The Cure Doesn't Prove the Cause -- XVII. The Consequence-Intentionality Fallacy: The Effect Doesn't Prove the Intent -- XVIII. The "If I Feel It, It Must Be True" Fallacy: The Truth Hurts; But So Do Lies -- XIX. The Spectacular Explanation Fallacy: Extraordinary Events Do Not Require Extraordinary Causes -- XX. Deductive and Inductive Reasoning: Two Methods of Inference -- XXI. Reactivity: To Observe Is to Disturb -- XXII. The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create Reality -- XXIII. The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World through Schema-Colored Glasses -- XXIV. The Confirmation Bias: Ye Shall Find Only What Ye Shall Seek --
XXV. The Belief Perseverance Effect: The Rat Is Always Right -- XXVI. The Hindsight Bias: Predicting a Winner after the Race Is Finished -- XXVII. The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of Categorization -- XXVIII. The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events -- XXIX. The Insight Fallacy: To Understand Something Isn't Necessarily to Change It -- XXX. Every Decision Is a Trade-Off: Take Stock of Pluses and Minuses -- Epilogue: Concluding Meta-Metathoughts -- Metathoughts Summary and Antidote Table -- App. 1. "Pervasive Labeling Disorder"
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