Electrical engineering : principles and applications / by Allan R. Hambley

Index included

Practical Applications of Electrical Engineering Principles vi Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview of Electrical Engineering 2 1.2 Circuits, Currents, and Voltages 6 1.3 Power and Energy 13 1.4 Kirchhoff's Current Law 16 1.5 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law 19 1.6 Introduction to Circuit Elements 22 1.7 Introduction to Circuits 30 Summary 34 Problems 35 2 Resistive Circuits 46 2.1 Resistances in Series and Parallel 47 2.2 Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents 51 2.3 Voltage-Divider and Current-Divider Circuits 55 2.4 Node-Voltage Analysis 60 2.5 Mesh-Current Analysis 79 2.6 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 88 2.7 Superposition Principle 101 2.8 Wheatstone Bridge 104 Summary 106 Problems 108 3 Inductance and Capacitance 124 3.1 Capacitance 125 3.2 Capacitances in Series and Parallel 132 3.3 Physical Characteristics of Capacitors 134 3.4 Inductance 138 3.5 Inductances in Series and Parallel 143 3.6 Practical Inductors 144 3.7 Mutual Inductance 147 3.8 Symbolic Integration and Differentiation Using MATLAB 148 Summary 156 Problems 157 4 Transients 166 4.1 First-Order RC Circuits 167 4.2 DC Steady State 171 4.3 RL Circuits 173 4.4 RC and RL Circuits with General Sources 177 4.5 Second-Order Circuits 183 4.6 Transient Analysis Using the MATLAB Symbolic Toolbox 196 Summary 203 Problems 204 5 Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis 215 5.1 Sinusoidal Currents and Voltages 216 5.2 Phasors 222 5.3 Complex Impedances 228 5.4 Circuit Analysis with Phasors and Complex Impedances 232 5.5 Power inAC Circuits 238 Complex Power 244 5.6 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 251 5.7 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 256 5.8 AC Analysis Using MATLAB 268 Summary 272 Problems 273 6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance 286 6.1 Fourier Analysis, Filters, and Transfer Functions 287 6.2 First-Order Lowpass Filters 295 6.3 Decibels, the Cascade Connection, and Logarithmic Frequency Scales 300 6.4 Bode Plots 304 6.5 First-Order Highpass Filters 307 6.6 Series Resonance 311 6.7 Parallel Resonance 316 6.8 Ideal and Second-Order Filters 319 6.9 Transfer Functions and Bode Plots with MATLAB 325 6.10 Digital Signal Processing 330 Summary 339 Problems 341 7 Logic Circuits 355 7.1 Basic Logic Circuit Concepts 356 7.2 Representation of Numerical Data in Binary Form 359 7.3 Combinatorial Logic Circuits 367 7.4 Synthesis of Logic Circuits 374 7.5 Minimization of Logic Circuits 381 7.6 Sequential Logic Circuits 385 Summary 396 Problems 397 8 Microcomputers 408 8.1 Computer Organization 409 8.2 Memory Types 412 8.3 Digital Process Control 414 8.4 The 68HC11 Microcontroller 417 8.5 The Instruction Set and Addressing Modes for the 68HC11 422 8.6 Assembly-Language Programming 430 Summary 435 Problems 436 9 Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems 441 9.1 Measurement Concepts and Sensors 442 9.2 Signal Conditioning 447 9.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 454 9.4 LabVIEW 457 Summary 470 Problems 471 10 Diodes 475 10.1 Basic Diode Concepts 476 10.2 Load-Line Analysis of Diode Circuits 479 10.3 Zener-Diode Voltage-Regulator Circuits 482 10.4 Ideal-Diode Model 486 10.5 Piecewise-Linear Diode Models 488 10.6 Rectifier Circuits 491 10.7 Wave-Shaping Circuits 496 10.8 Linear Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 501 Summary 506 Problems 507 11 Amplifiers: Specifications and External Characteristics 519 11.1 Basic Amplifier Concepts 520 11.2 Cascaded Amplifiers 525 11.3 Power Supplies and Efficiency 528 11.4 Additional Amplifier Models 531 11.5 Importance of Amplifier Impedances in Various Applications 534 11.6 Ideal Amplifiers 537 11.7 Frequency Response 538 11.8 LinearWaveform Distortion 543 11.9 Pulse Response 547 11.10 Transfer Characteristic and Nonlinear Distortion 550 11.11 Differential Amplifiers 552 11.12 Offset Voltage, Bias Current, and Offset Current 556 Summary 561 Problems 562 12 Field-Effect Transistors 574 12.1 NMOS and PMOS Transistors 575 12.2 Load-Line Analysis of a Simple NMOS Amplifier 582 12.3 Bias Circuits 585 12.4 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 588 12.5 Common-Source Amplifiers 593 12.6 Source Followers 596 12.7 CMOS Logic Gates 601 Summary 606 Problems 607 13 Bipolar Junction Transistors 615 13.1 Current and Voltage Relationships 616 13.2 Common-Emitter Characteristics 619 13.3 Load-Line Analysis of a Common-Emitter Amplifier 620 13.4 pnp Bipolar Junction Transistors 626 13.5 Large-Signal DC Circuit Models 628 13.6 Large-Signal DC Analysis of BJT Circuits 631 13.7 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 639 13.8 Common-Emitter Amplifiers 641 13.9 Emitter Followers 646 Summary 652 Problems 653 14 Operational Amplifiers 663 14.1 Ideal Operational Amplifiers 664 14.2 Inverting Amplifiers 665 14.3 Noninverting Amplifiers 672 14.4 Design of Simple Amplifiers 675 14.5 Op-Amp Imperfections in the Linear Range of Operation 680 14.6 Nonlinear Limitations 684 14.7 DC Imperfections 689 14.8 Differential and Instrumentation Amplifiers 693 14.9 Integrators and Differentiators 695 14.10 Active Filters 698 Summary 703 Problems 704 15 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 716 15.1 Magnetic Fields 717 15.2 Magnetic Circuits 726 15.3 Inductance and Mutual Inductance 731 15.4 Magnetic Materials 735 15.5 Ideal Transformers 739 15.6 Real Transformers 746 Summary 751 Problems 751 16 DC Machines 762 16.1 Overview of Motors 763 16.2 Principles of DC Machines 772 16.3 Rotating DC Machines 777 16.4 Shunt-Connected and Separately Excited DC Motors 783 16.5 Series-Connected DC Motors 788 16.6 Speed Control of DC Motors 792 16.7 DC Generators 796 Summary 801 Problems 802 17 AC Machines 811 17.1 Three-Phase Induction Motors 812 17.2 Equivalent-Circuit and Performance Calculations for Induction Motors 820 17.3 Synchronous Machines 829 17.4 Single-Phase Motors 841 17.5 Stepper Motors and Brushless DC Motors 844 Summary 846 Problems 847 APPENDICES A Complex Numbers 853 Summary 860 Problems 860 B Nominal Values and the Color Code for Resistors 862 C The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 864 D Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis with SPICE-Based Software 868 E Answers for the Practice Tests 870 F Software and On-Line Student Resources 878 G OrCAD 10.5 Tutorial Posted at www.pearsonhighered.com/hambley Index 881